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                    String
            
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                    Deployment 的实现原理
            
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                    Calico 源码分析
            
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                    Garbage Collector Controller 源码分析
            
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                    Kube Proxy Iptables
            
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                    Kube Proxy Ipvs
            
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                    Kube Proxy
            
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                    Kubectl Exec
            
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                    Kubectl源码阅读1
            
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                    Kubectl源码阅读2
            
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                    Readme
            
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                    Schedule
            
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                    Scheme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.4.13" data-path="../K8s源码/调度队列.html">
            
                <a href="../K8s源码/调度队列.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.4.13.</b>
                    
                    调度队列
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.5" data-path="../Karmada.html">
            
                <a href="../Karmada.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.5.</b>
                    
                    Karmada
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.6" data-path="../Pixie.html">
            
                <a href="../Pixie.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.6.</b>
                    
                    Pixie
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.7" data-path="../admission access.html">
            
                <a href="../admission access.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.7.</b>
                    
                    Admission Access
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.8" data-path="../ccm.html">
            
                <a href="../ccm.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.8.</b>
                    
                    Ccm
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.9" data-path="../client-go.html">
            
                <a href="../client-go.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.9.</b>
                    
                    Client Go
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.10" data-path="../command.html">
            
                <a href="../command.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.10.</b>
                    
                    Command
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.11" data-path="../controller.html">
            
                <a href="../controller.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.11.</b>
                    
                    Controller
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.12" data-path="../copy docker config.html">
            
                <a href="../copy docker config.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.12.</b>
                    
                    Copy Docker Config
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.13" data-path="../etcd-operation.html">
            
                <a href="../etcd-operation.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.13.</b>
                    
                    Etcd Operation
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.14" data-path="../gc.html">
            
                <a href="../gc.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.14.</b>
                    
                    Gc
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.15" data-path="../helm chart.html">
            
                <a href="../helm chart.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.15.</b>
                    
                    Helm Chart
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.16" data-path="../helm.html">
            
                <a href="../helm.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.16.</b>
                    
                    Helm
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.17" >
            
                <span>
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.17.</b>
                    
                    Helm
            
                </span>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.17.1" data-path="../helm/charts.html">
            
                <a href="../helm/charts.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.17.1.</b>
                    
                    Charts
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.17.2" data-path="../helm/helm 钩子函数.html">
            
                <a href="../helm/helm 钩子函数.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.17.2.</b>
                    
                    Helm 钩子函数
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.17.3" data-path="../helm/helm-operator.html">
            
                <a href="../helm/helm-operator.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.17.3.</b>
                    
                    Helm Operator
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.17.4" data-path="../helm/文档查询.html">
            
                <a href="../helm/文档查询.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.17.4.</b>
                    
                    文档查询
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.17.5" data-path="../helm/语法.html">
            
                <a href="../helm/语法.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.17.5.</b>
                    
                    语法
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.18" data-path="../install.html">
            
                <a href="../install.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.18.</b>
                    
                    Install
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.19" data-path="../istio-inject.html">
            
                <a href="../istio-inject.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.19.</b>
                    
                    Istio Inject
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.20" >
            
                <span>
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.20.</b>
                    
                    KubeEdge
            
                </span>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.21" data-path="../kuber-apiserver-flag.html">
            
                <a href="../kuber-apiserver-flag.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.21.</b>
                    
                    Kuber Apiserver Flag
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.22" data-path="../kubernetes-client.html">
            
                <a href="../kubernetes-client.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.22.</b>
                    
                    Kubernetes Client
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.23" data-path="../kubernetes灾备.html">
            
                <a href="../kubernetes灾备.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.23.</b>
                    
                    Kubernetes灾备
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.24" data-path="../kubesphere/">
            
                <a href="../kubesphere/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.24.</b>
                    
                    Kubesphere
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.24.1" data-path="../kubesphere/helm.html">
            
                <a href="../kubesphere/helm.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.24.1.</b>
                    
                    Helm
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.24.2" data-path="../kubesphere/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../kubesphere/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.24.2.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.25" data-path="../kubevela/">
            
                <a href="../kubevela/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.25.</b>
                    
                    Kubevela
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.25.1" data-path="../kubevela/KubeVela 功能.html">
            
                <a href="../kubevela/KubeVela 功能.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.25.1.</b>
                    
                    KubeVela 功能
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.25.2" data-path="../kubevela/cue.html">
            
                <a href="../kubevela/cue.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.25.2.</b>
                    
                    Cue
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.25.3" data-path="../kubevela/oam.html">
            
                <a href="../kubevela/oam.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.25.3.</b>
                    
                    Oam
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.25.4" data-path="../kubevela/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../kubevela/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.25.4.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.25.5" data-path="../kubevela/rollout design.html">
            
                <a href="../kubevela/rollout design.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.25.5.</b>
                    
                    Rollout Design
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.25.6" data-path="../kubevela/vela run.html">
            
                <a href="../kubevela/vela run.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.25.6.</b>
                    
                    Vela Run
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.25.7" data-path="../kubevela/vela up.html">
            
                <a href="../kubevela/vela up.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.25.7.</b>
                    
                    Vela Up
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.25.8" data-path="../kubevela/vela-cluster.html">
            
                <a href="../kubevela/vela-cluster.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.25.8.</b>
                    
                    Vela Cluster
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.25.9" data-path="../kubevela/vela-helm.html">
            
                <a href="../kubevela/vela-helm.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.25.9.</b>
                    
                    Vela Helm
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.25.10" data-path="../kubevela/vela-pk-oam.html">
            
                <a href="../kubevela/vela-pk-oam.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.25.10.</b>
                    
                    Vela Pk Oam
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.26" data-path="../mk-cert.html">
            
                <a href="../mk-cert.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.26.</b>
                    
                    Mk Cert
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.27" data-path="../open_swagger-ui.html">
            
                <a href="../open_swagger-ui.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.27.</b>
                    
                    Open Swagger Ui
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.28" data-path="../readme.html">
            
                <a href="../readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.28.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.29" data-path="../task/">
            
                <a href="../task/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.29.</b>
                    
                    Task
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.29.1" data-path="../task/HPA.html">
            
                <a href="../task/HPA.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.29.1.</b>
                    
                    HPA
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.29.2" data-path="../task/kubectl patch.html">
            
                <a href="../task/kubectl patch.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.29.2.</b>
                    
                    Kubectl Patch
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.29.3" data-path="../task/pod 信息注入.html">
            
                <a href="../task/pod 信息注入.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.29.3.</b>
                    
                    Pod 信息注入
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.29.4" data-path="../task/pod 垂直扩缩容.html">
            
                <a href="../task/pod 垂直扩缩容.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.29.4.</b>
                    
                    Pod 垂直扩缩容
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.29.5" data-path="../task/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../task/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.29.5.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.29.6" data-path="../task/server-side-apply.html">
            
                <a href="../task/server-side-apply.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.29.6.</b>
                    
                    Server Side Apply
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.29.7" data-path="../task/准入控制.html">
            
                <a href="../task/准入控制.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.29.7.</b>
                    
                    准入控制
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.29.8" data-path="../task/聚合api.html">
            
                <a href="../task/聚合api.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.29.8.</b>
                    
                    聚合Api
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.29.9" data-path="../task/资源预留配置.html">
            
                <a href="../task/资源预留配置.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.29.9.</b>
                    
                    资源预留配置
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.30" data-path="../webhook.html">
            
                <a href="../webhook.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.30.</b>
                    
                    Webhook
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.31" data-path="../一致性认证.html">
            
                <a href="../一致性认证.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.31.</b>
                    
                    一致性认证
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.32" data-path="../专利名词.html">
            
                <a href="../专利名词.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.32.</b>
                    
                    专利名词
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.33" data-path="../删除namespace.html">
            
                <a href="../删除namespace.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.33.</b>
                    
                    删除Namespace
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.34" data-path="../简化多集群.html">
            
                <a href="../简化多集群.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.34.</b>
                    
                    简化多集群
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.35" data-path="../网络插件/">
            
                <a href="../网络插件/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.35.</b>
                    
                    网络插件
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.35.1" data-path="../网络插件/calico.html">
            
                <a href="../网络插件/calico.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.35.1.</b>
                    
                    Calico
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.35.2" data-path="../网络插件/cilium.html">
            
                <a href="../网络插件/cilium.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.35.2.</b>
                    
                    Cilium
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.35.3" data-path="../网络插件/ebpf.html">
            
                <a href="../网络插件/ebpf.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.35.3.</b>
                    
                    Ebpf
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.35.4" data-path="../网络插件/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../网络插件/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.35.4.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.36" data-path="./">
            
                <a href="./">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.36.</b>
                    
                    镜像
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.36.1" data-path="Containerd Stargz Snapshotter.html">
            
                <a href="Containerd Stargz Snapshotter.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.36.1.</b>
                    
                    Containerd Stargz Snapshotter
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.36.2" data-path="OCI.html">
            
                <a href="OCI.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.36.2.</b>
                    
                    OCI
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.36.3" data-path="harbor/">
            
                <a href="harbor/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.36.3.</b>
                    
                    Harbor
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.36.3.1" data-path="harbor/readme.html">
            
                <a href="harbor/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.36.3.1.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.36.4" data-path="readme.html">
            
                <a href="readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.36.4.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.36.5" data-path="自动构建镜像.html">
            
                <a href="自动构建镜像.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.36.5.</b>
                    
                    自动构建镜像
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.36.6" data-path="镜像加速方案.html">
            
                <a href="镜像加速方案.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.36.6.</b>
                    
                    镜像加速方案
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter active" data-level="1.9.36.7" data-path="镜像延迟加载技术解析.html">
            
                <a href="镜像延迟加载技术解析.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.9.36.7.</b>
                    
                    镜像延迟加载技术解析
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10" data-path="../../math/">
            
                <a href="../../math/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.10.</b>
                    
                    Math
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.1" data-path="../../math/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../../math/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.10.1.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.2" data-path="../../math/泊松分布.html">
            
                <a href="../../math/泊松分布.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.10.2.</b>
                    
                    泊松分布
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11" data-path="../../效率/">
            
                <a href="../../效率/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.</b>
                    
                    效率
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.1" data-path="../../效率/cat.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/cat.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.1.</b>
                    
                    Cat
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.2" data-path="../../效率/docker volume clean.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/docker volume clean.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.2.</b>
                    
                    Docker Volume Clean
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.3" data-path="../../效率/git book.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/git book.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.3.</b>
                    
                    Git Book
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.4" data-path="../../效率/git.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/git.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.4.</b>
                    
                    Git
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.5" data-path="../../效率/linux command.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/linux command.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.5.</b>
                    
                    Linux Command
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.6" data-path="../../效率/linux 内核.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/linux 内核.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.6.</b>
                    
                    Linux 内核
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.7" data-path="../../效率/macos path.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/macos path.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.7.</b>
                    
                    Macos Path
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.8" data-path="../../效率/nfs.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/nfs.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.8.</b>
                    
                    Nfs
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.9" data-path="../../效率/nginx.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/nginx.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.9.</b>
                    
                    Nginx
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.10" data-path="../../效率/nginx2.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/nginx2.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.10.</b>
                    
                    Nginx2
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.11" data-path="../../效率/oauth2.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/oauth2.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.11.</b>
                    
                    Oauth2
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.12" data-path="../../效率/ovftool.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/ovftool.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.12.</b>
                    
                    Ovftool
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.13" data-path="../../效率/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.13.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.14" data-path="../../效率/sed.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/sed.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.14.</b>
                    
                    Sed
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.15" data-path="../../效率/shell_judge.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/shell_judge.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.15.</b>
                    
                    Shell Judge
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.16" data-path="../../效率/sshpass.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/sshpass.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.16.</b>
                    
                    Sshpass
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.17" data-path="../../效率/telepresence.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/telepresence.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.17.</b>
                    
                    Telepresence
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.18" data-path="../../效率/typora.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/typora.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.18.</b>
                    
                    Typora
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.19" data-path="../../效率/url encode.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/url encode.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.19.</b>
                    
                    Url Encode
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.20" data-path="../../效率/vim.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/vim.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.20.</b>
                    
                    Vim
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.21" data-path="../../效率/yum.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/yum.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.21.</b>
                    
                    Yum
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.22" data-path="../../效率/内网穿透.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/内网穿透.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.22.</b>
                    
                    内网穿透
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.23" data-path="../../效率/科学上网.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/科学上网.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.23.</b>
                    
                    科学上网
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.24" data-path="../../效率/证书制作.html">
            
                <a href="../../效率/证书制作.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.11.24.</b>
                    
                    证书制作
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12" >
            
                <span>
            
                    
                        <b>1.12.</b>
                    
                    杂谈
            
                </span>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.1" data-path="../../杂谈/论好文章和烂文章.html">
            
                <a href="../../杂谈/论好文章和烂文章.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.12.1.</b>
                    
                    论好文章和烂文章
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13" data-path="../../测试/">
            
                <a href="../../测试/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.</b>
                    
                    测试
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.1" data-path="../../测试/ginkgo/">
            
                <a href="../../测试/ginkgo/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.1.</b>
                    
                    Ginkgo
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.1.1" data-path="../../测试/ginkgo/ginkgo.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/ginkgo/ginkgo.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.1.1.</b>
                    
                    Ginkgo
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.1.2" data-path="../../测试/ginkgo/ginkgo_cmd.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/ginkgo/ginkgo_cmd.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.1.2.</b>
                    
                    Ginkgo Cmd
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.1.3" data-path="../../测试/ginkgo/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/ginkgo/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.1.3.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.2" data-path="../../测试/golang-test.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/golang-test.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.2.</b>
                    
                    Golang Test
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.3" data-path="../../测试/http测试.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/http测试.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.3.</b>
                    
                    Http测试
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.4" data-path="../../测试/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.4.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.5" data-path="../../测试/其他功能.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/其他功能.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.5.</b>
                    
                    其他功能
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.6" data-path="../../测试/单元测试.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/单元测试.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.6.</b>
                    
                    单元测试
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.7" data-path="../../测试/单元测试2.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/单元测试2.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.7.</b>
                    
                    单元测试2
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.8" data-path="../../测试/基准测试.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/基准测试.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.8.</b>
                    
                    基准测试
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.9" data-path="../../测试/子测试与子基准测试.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/子测试与子基准测试.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.9.</b>
                    
                    子测试与子基准测试
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.10" data-path="../../测试/并行测试.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/并行测试.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.10.</b>
                    
                    并行测试
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.11" data-path="../../测试/质量检查/">
            
                <a href="../../测试/质量检查/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.11.</b>
                    
                    质量检查
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.11.1" data-path="../../测试/质量检查/Sonar.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/质量检查/Sonar.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.11.1.</b>
                    
                    Sonar
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.11.2" data-path="../../测试/质量检查/go_lint.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/质量检查/go_lint.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.11.2.</b>
                    
                    Go Lint
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.11.3" data-path="../../测试/质量检查/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../../测试/质量检查/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.13.11.3.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14" data-path="../../规范/">
            
                <a href="../../规范/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.14.</b>
                    
                    规范
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.1" data-path="../../规范/CodeReviewComments.html">
            
                <a href="../../规范/CodeReviewComments.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.14.1.</b>
                    
                    CodeReviewComments
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.2" data-path="../../规范/git规范.html">
            
                <a href="../../规范/git规范.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.14.2.</b>
                    
                    Git规范
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.3" data-path="../../规范/golang 代码规范.html">
            
                <a href="../../规范/golang 代码规范.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.14.3.</b>
                    
                    Golang 代码规范
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.4" data-path="../../规范/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../../规范/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.14.4.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.5" data-path="../../规范/代码走读.html">
            
                <a href="../../规范/代码走读.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.14.5.</b>
                    
                    代码走读
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15" data-path="../../设计模式/">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.</b>
                    
                    设计模式
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.1" data-path="../../设计模式/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.1.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2" data-path="../../设计模式/创建模型/">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/创建模型/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.2.</b>
                    
                    创建模型
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2.1" data-path="../../设计模式/创建模型/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/创建模型/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.2.1.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2.2" data-path="../../设计模式/创建模型/创建者模型.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/创建模型/创建者模型.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.2.2.</b>
                    
                    创建者模型
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2.3" data-path="../../设计模式/创建模型/单例模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/创建模型/单例模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.2.3.</b>
                    
                    单例模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2.4" data-path="../../设计模式/创建模型/原型模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/创建模型/原型模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.2.4.</b>
                    
                    原型模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2.5" data-path="../../设计模式/创建模型/工厂方法.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/创建模型/工厂方法.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.2.5.</b>
                    
                    工厂方法
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2.6" data-path="../../设计模式/创建模型/抽象工厂.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/创建模型/抽象工厂.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.2.6.</b>
                    
                    抽象工厂
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2.7" data-path="../../设计模式/创建模型/简单工厂.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/创建模型/简单工厂.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.2.7.</b>
                    
                    简单工厂
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3" data-path="../../设计模式/结构型模型/">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/结构型模型/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.3.</b>
                    
                    结构型模型
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3.1" data-path="../../设计模式/结构型模型/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/结构型模型/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.3.1.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3.2" data-path="../../设计模式/结构型模型/享元模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/结构型模型/享元模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.3.2.</b>
                    
                    享元模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3.3" data-path="../../设计模式/结构型模型/代理模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/结构型模型/代理模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.3.3.</b>
                    
                    代理模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3.4" data-path="../../设计模式/结构型模型/外观模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/结构型模型/外观模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.3.4.</b>
                    
                    外观模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3.5" data-path="../../设计模式/结构型模型/桥模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/结构型模型/桥模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.3.5.</b>
                    
                    桥模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3.6" data-path="../../设计模式/结构型模型/组合模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/结构型模型/组合模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.3.6.</b>
                    
                    组合模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3.7" data-path="../../设计模式/结构型模型/装饰模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/结构型模型/装饰模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.3.7.</b>
                    
                    装饰模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3.8" data-path="../../设计模式/结构型模型/适配器模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/结构型模型/适配器模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.3.8.</b>
                    
                    适配器模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4" data-path="../../设计模式/行为型模型/">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/行为型模型/">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.4.</b>
                    
                    行为型模型
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4.1" data-path="../../设计模式/行为型模型/readme.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/行为型模型/readme.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.4.1.</b>
                    
                    Readme
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4.2" data-path="../../设计模式/行为型模型/中介者模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/行为型模型/中介者模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.4.2.</b>
                    
                    中介者模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4.3" data-path="../../设计模式/行为型模型/命令模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/行为型模型/命令模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.4.3.</b>
                    
                    命令模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4.4" data-path="../../设计模式/行为型模型/备忘录模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/行为型模型/备忘录模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.4.4.</b>
                    
                    备忘录模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4.5" data-path="../../设计模式/行为型模型/模板方法模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/行为型模型/模板方法模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.4.5.</b>
                    
                    模板方法模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4.6" data-path="../../设计模式/行为型模型/状态模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/行为型模型/状态模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.4.6.</b>
                    
                    状态模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4.7" data-path="../../设计模式/行为型模型/策略模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/行为型模型/策略模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.4.7.</b>
                    
                    策略模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4.8" data-path="../../设计模式/行为型模型/职责链模式.html">
            
                <a href="../../设计模式/行为型模型/职责链模式.html">
            
                    
                        <b>1.15.4.8.</b>
                    
                    职责链模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
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                        <b>1.15.4.9.</b>
                    
                    观察者模式
            
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                        <b>1.15.4.10.</b>
                    
                    解释器模式
            
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                        <b>1.15.4.12.</b>
                    
                    迭代器模式
            
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                                <div id="anchor-navigation-ex-navbar"><i class="fa fa-anchor"></i><ul><li><a href="#&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x89E3;&#x6790;">&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x89E3;&#x6790;</a></li><ul><li><a href="#1-&#x6982;&#x8FF0;">1. &#x6982;&#x8FF0;</a></li><ul><li><a href="#11-overlayfs&#x548C;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;">1.1 overlayFS&#x548C;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;</a></li><li><a href="#12-&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;">1.2 &#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;</a></li><li><a href="#13-&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x65B9;&#x6848;">1.3 &#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x65B9;&#x6848;</a></li></ul><li><a href="#2-&#x539F;&#x7406;">2. &#x539F;&#x7406;</a></li><ul><li><a href="#21-&#x672F;&#x8BED;">2.1 &#x672F;&#x8BED;</a></li><li><a href="#22-crfs&#x548C;stargz">2.2 CRFS&#x548C;stargz</a></li><li><a href="#221-tar&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">2.2.1 tar&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</a></li><li><a href="#222-stargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">2.2.2 stargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</a></li><li><a href="#223-estargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">2.2.3 estargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</a></li><li><a href="#23-containerd&#x548C;snapshotter">2.3 containerd&#x548C;snapshotter</a></li><li><a href="#231-containerd">2.3.1 containerd</a></li><li><a href="#232-snapshotter">2.3.2 snapshotter</a></li><li><a href="#24-stargz-snapshotter">2.4 stargz-snapshotter</a></li></ul><li><a href="#3-&#x4F7F;&#x7528;">3. &#x4F7F;&#x7528;</a></li><ul><li><a href="#31-&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;">3.1 &#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</a></li><li><a href="#32-stargz-snapshotter&#x90E8;&#x7F72;">3.2 stargz-snapshotter&#x90E8;&#x7F72;</a></li><li><a href="#33-&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;">3.3 &#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;</a></li></ul><li><a href="#4-&#x5C0F;&#x7ED3;">4. &#x5C0F;&#x7ED3;</a></li><li><a href="#5-reference">5. reference</a></li></ul></ul></div><a href="#&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x89E3;&#x6790;" id="anchorNavigationExGoTop"><i class="fa fa-arrow-up"></i></a><h1 id="&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x89E3;&#x6790;"><a name="&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x89E3;&#x6790;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x89E3;&#x6790;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x89E3;&#x6790;</h1>
<h2 id="1-&#x6982;&#x8FF0;"><a name="1-&#x6982;&#x8FF0;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#1-&#x6982;&#x8FF0;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>1. &#x6982;&#x8FF0;</h2>
<p> &#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x8D8A;&#x6765;&#x8D8A;&#x591A;&#x7684;AI&#x8BAD;&#x7EC3;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x7528;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x800C;tensorflow&#x7B49;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x8981;&#x8FDC;&#x5927;&#x4E8E;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#xFF08;<code>dockerhub</code>&#x4E0A;<code>tensorflow/tensorflow:latest-devel-gpu</code>&#x6709;3.19GB&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x6BD4;<code>centos:latest</code>&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x7EA6;234MB&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x6B64;&#x5E9E;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7ED9;AI&#x8BAD;&#x7EC3;&#x5E26;&#x6765;&#x8F83;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x800C;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;AI&#x8BAD;&#x7EC3;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x8BB8;&#x591A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x53BB;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7684;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;<code>tensorflow</code>&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x5E26;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x96C6;&#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5207;&#x5165;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x201C;&#x61D2;&#x201D;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x88AB;&#x63D0;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x6781;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x964D;&#x4F4E;&#x4E86;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="11-overlayfs&#x548C;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;"><a name="11-overlayfs&#x548C;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#11-overlayfs&#x548C;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>1.1 overlayFS&#x548C;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;</h3>
<p> &#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#xFF0C;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;<code>overlayFS</code>&#x548C;<code>docker</code>&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x662F;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p> <code>overlayFS</code>&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x5806;&#x53E0;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E8E;2014&#x5E74;&#x5408;&#x5E76;&#x5165;Linux&#x5185;&#x6838;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;<code>docker</code>1.12&#x540E;&#x63A8;&#x51FA;&#x7684;<code>overlay2</code>&#x5728;<code>inode</code>&#x7684;&#x5229;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#x6BD4;<code>overlay</code>&#x66F4;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#xFF0C;&#x81F3;&#x4E8E;&#x4E3A;&#x4F55;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x6211;&#x4F1A;&#x653E;&#x5230;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5C0F;&#x8282;&#x672B;&#x5C3E;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6211;&#x5148;&#x7B80;&#x8981;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;<code>overlay2</code>&#x3002;<code>overlay2</code>&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x56FE;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-2fb3231ec4822e321a25ecee42b161d7_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> <code>overlay2</code>&#x7684;&#x8BFB;&#x5199;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;<code>Upper Dir</code>&#xFF0C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x6240;&#x6709;<code>Lower Dir</code>&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>&#x8BFB;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0D;&#x5728;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8BFB;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0D;&#x5728;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x4ECE;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8BFB;</li>
<li><strong>&#x8BFB;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x53EA;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x5728;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4ECE;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;&#x8BFB;</li>
<li><strong>&#x8BFB;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5728;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;&#x548C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x8BFB;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;&#x9690;&#x85CF;&#x4E86;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x540C;&#x540D;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</li>
<li><strong>&#x5199;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0D;&#x5728;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0D;&#x5728;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;<code>overlay</code>/<code>overlay2</code>&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>copy_up</code>&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x4ECE;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5230;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5C06;&#x5199;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x5199;&#x5165;&#x5230;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x662F;&#x65B0;&#x589E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E0A;&#x5C42;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4F1A;&#x548C;&#x5E95;&#x5C42;<code>layer</code>&#x8FDB;&#x884C;<code>merge</code>&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5408;&#x5E76;&#x4E3A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;</li>
<li><strong>&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x548C;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C42;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>whiteout</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x6765;&#x9690;&#x85CF;&#x5B83;&#xFF1B;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;<code>opaque</code>&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x548C;<code>whiteout</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x6709;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x6548;&#x679C;</li>
<li><p><strong>&#x91CD;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x5BF9;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x8C03;&#x7528;<code>rename</code>&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x5728;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x548C;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x90FD;&#x5728;&#x9876;&#x5C42;&#x65F6;&#x624D;&#x88AB;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;<code>EXDEV</code></p>
<p><code>overlay</code>&#x662F;<code>docker</code>&#x7684;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x4E4B;&#x4E00;&#xFF0C;<code>docker</code>&#x91CC;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x88AB;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x4E3A;<code>graphdriver</code>&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#xFF08;&#x5982;<code>overlay</code>&#xFF0C;<code>aufs</code>&#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#x90FD;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;<code>graphdriver</code>&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>fuse</code>&#x6216;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x6001;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x5BF9;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x751F;&#x547D;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#xFF1B;&#x800C;&#x5728;<code>containerd</code>&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x53EB;&#x505A;<code>snapshotter</code>&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x7AE0;&#x8282;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x7528;<code>ubuntu</code>&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x6765;&#x53CD;&#x5E94;<code>overlayFS</code>&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#xFF0C;&#x6267;&#x884C;<code>docker pull ubuntu:latest</code>&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x548C;&#x89E3;&#x538B;&#x4F1A;&#x5206;&#x5C42;&#x5E76;&#x884C;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x3002;<code>docker</code>&#x5728;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x65F6;&#x4F1A;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x89E3;&#x6790;<code>registry</code>&#xFF0C;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x540D;&#xFF0C;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x955C;&#x50CF;<code>tag</code>&#xFF0C;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x7B49;&#x6B65;&#x9AA4;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6B65;&#x9AA4;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x5B8C;&#x6BD5;&#x540E;<code>docker</code>&#x7684;&#x6839;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x5185;&#x6709;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x3002;</p>
</li>
</ul>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@VM_244_112_centos /var/lib/docker/overlay2<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># tree -L 2</span>
<span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
&#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; 91c6e5cc41f59fe3b914f368e7864ad4d708120069f7443c2c14e3ebb7adf688
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; <span class="token function">diff</span>
&#x2502;   &#x2514;&#x2500;&#x2500; <span class="token function">link</span>
&#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; b4c8df66bd6bb6a06630bde87364d41cebcc7a311d7f3958159420d27ddee6a5
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; <span class="token function">diff</span>
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; <span class="token function">link</span>
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; lower
&#x2502;   &#x2514;&#x2500;&#x2500; work
&#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; e45ca749ade1f4cf41cb81dd210a4761023bcefd8523039b22d8a5e768684a20
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; <span class="token function">diff</span>
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; <span class="token function">link</span>
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; lower
&#x2502;   &#x2514;&#x2500;&#x2500; work
&#x2514;&#x2500;&#x2500; l
    &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; 4SMJFTXKOSE3KIMJADFEHEIPOC -<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span>/b4c8df66bd6bb6a06630bde87364d41cebcc7a311d7f3958159420d27ddee6a5/diff
    &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; JMHFXUR2BPPIHDY53N7AWQFYHQ -<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span>/e45ca749ade1f4cf41cb81dd210a4761023bcefd8523039b22d8a5e768684a20/diff
    &#x2514;&#x2500;&#x2500; SSNCTFQYZMQSONPRWRXBQW4W6P -<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span>/91c6e5cc41f59fe3b914f368e7864ad4d708120069f7443c2c14e3ebb7adf688/diff

<span class="token number">12</span> directories, <span class="token number">5</span> files
</code></pre>
<p> ubuntu&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x6709;3&#x5C42;layer&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;<code>l</code>&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x94FE;&#x63A5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x7F29;&#x77ED;&#x7684;&#x5C42;&#x6807;&#x793A;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6807;&#x8BC6;&#x7B26;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x65F6;&#x8D85;&#x8FC7;&#x9875;&#x9762;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x5230;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;link&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x6307;&#x5411;ubuntu&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x7684;<code>diff</code>&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x3002;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5C42;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x7684;<code>link</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E5F;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x7740;&#x8BE5;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x7F29;&#x77ED;&#x6807;&#x8BC6;&#x7B26;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@VM_244_112_centos /var/lib/docker/overlay2/91c6e5cc41f59fe3b914f368e7864ad4d708120069f7443c2c14e3ebb7adf688<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat link</span>
SSNCTFQYZMQSONPRWRXBQW4W6P
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@VM_244_112_centos /var/lib/docker/overlay2/91c6e5cc41f59fe3b914f368e7864ad4d708120069f7443c2c14e3ebb7adf688<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ll ../l | grep SSNCTFQYZMQSONPRWRXBQW4W6P</span>
lrwxrwxrwx <span class="token number">1</span> root root <span class="token number">72</span> Dec <span class="token number">22</span> <span class="token number">19</span>:16 SSNCTFQYZMQSONPRWRXBQW4W6P -<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span>/91c6e5cc41f59fe3b914f368e7864ad4d708120069f7443c2c14e3ebb7adf688/diff
</code></pre>
<p> &#x5C42;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;<code>lower</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x4E86;&#x4E0B;&#x5C42;layer&#x7684;&#x7F29;&#x77ED;&#x6807;&#x8BC6;&#x7B26;&#xFF08;&#x5373;<code>l</code>&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x8BC6;&#x7B26;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x5E95;&#x5C42;layer&#x662F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;<code>lower</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@VM_244_112_centos /var/lib/docker/overlay2/b4c8df66bd6bb6a06630bde87364d41cebcc7a311d7f3958159420d27ddee6a5<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls</span>
<span class="token function">diff</span>  <span class="token function">link</span>  lower  work
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@VM_244_112_centos /var/lib/docker/overlay2/b4c8df66bd6bb6a06630bde87364d41cebcc7a311d7f3958159420d27ddee6a5<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat lower </span>
l/SSNCTFQYZMQSONPRWRXBQW4W6P
</code></pre>
<p> &#x6BCF;&#x5C42;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;<code>work</code>&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x8BF8;&#x5982;copy-on-write&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</p>
<p> &#x6B64;&#x65F6;&#x62C9;&#x8D77;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>ubuntu:latest</code>&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;<code>cc85d9b18e2e79ff63045ef531aef9e224db23662652c3fbb923f765e5d185a0-init</code>&#x548C;<code>cc85d9b18e2e79ff63045ef531aef9e224db23662652c3fbb923f765e5d185a0</code>&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5939;&#x4F1A;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x5728;<code>overlay</code>2&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x3002;&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@VM_244_112_centos /var/lib/docker/overlay2/cc85d9b18e2e79ff63045ef531aef9e224db23662652c3fbb923f765e5d185a0<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># tree -L 2 /var/lib/docker/overlay2/cc85d9b18e2e79ff63045ef531aef9e224db23662652c3fbb923f765e5d185a0*</span>
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cc85d9b18e2e79ff63045ef531aef9e224db23662652c3fbb923f765e5d185a0
&#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; <span class="token function">diff</span>
&#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; <span class="token function">link</span>
&#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; lower
&#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; merged
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; bin -<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> usr/bin
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; boot
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; dev
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; etc
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; home
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; lib -<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> usr/lib
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; lib32 -<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> usr/lib32
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; lib64 -<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> usr/lib64
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; libx32 -<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> usr/libx32
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; media
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; mnt
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; opt
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; proc
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; root
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; run
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; sbin -<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> usr/sbin
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; srv
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; sys
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; tmp
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; usr
&#x2502;   &#x2514;&#x2500;&#x2500; var
&#x2514;&#x2500;&#x2500; work
    &#x2514;&#x2500;&#x2500; work
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cc85d9b18e2e79ff63045ef531aef9e224db23662652c3fbb923f765e5d185a0-init
&#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; <span class="token function">diff</span>
&#x2502;   &#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; dev
&#x2502;   &#x2514;&#x2500;&#x2500; etc
&#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; <span class="token function">link</span>
&#x251C;&#x2500;&#x2500; lower
&#x2514;&#x2500;&#x2500; work
    &#x2514;&#x2500;&#x2500; work

<span class="token number">30</span> directories, <span class="token number">4</span> files
</code></pre>
<p> &#x5176;&#x4E2D;<code>init</code>&#x4E3A;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5C42;&#xFF0C;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x65F6;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6CE8;&#x5165;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x653E;&#x5728;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5C42;&#x4E2D;&#xFF08;&#x5982;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x57DF;&#x540D;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4F5C;&#x51FA;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x90FD;&#x5728;&#x8BFB;&#x5199;&#x5C42;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># &#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5185;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;test&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</span>
root@aa161ee6e328:/<span class="token comment"># echo test &gt; test</span>
root@aa161ee6e328:/<span class="token comment"># ls</span>
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib32  lib64  libx32  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>  tmp  usr  var
<span class="token comment"># &#x8BE5;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@VM_244_112_centos /var/lib/docker/overlay2/cc85d9b18e2e79ff63045ef531aef9e224db23662652c3fbb923f765e5d185a0<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat ./diff/test</span>
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@VM_244_112_centos /var/lib/docker/overlay2/cc85d9b18e2e79ff63045ef531aef9e224db23662652c3fbb923f765e5d185a0<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat ./merged/test</span>
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>
</code></pre>
<p> <code>overlay2</code>&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x591A;&#x5C42;<code>lower</code>&#x5C42;&#xFF08;&#x6700;&#x591A;&#x652F;&#x6301;128&#x4E2A;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;<code>overlay</code>&#x53EA;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x4E24;&#x5C42;&#xFF08;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>lower</code>&#x5C42;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>upper</code>&#x5C42;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;<code>overlay</code>&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x5C42;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5728;&#x4E0A;&#x5C42;&#x4E2D;&#x662F;&#x4EE5;<code>hard link</code>&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x5728;<code>linux</code>&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;<code>hard link</code>&#x4F1A;&#x6D88;&#x8017;<code>inode</code>&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4F55;<code>overlay2</code>&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;<code>overlay</code>&#x80FD;&#x8282;&#x7701;&#x66F4;&#x591A;<code>inode</code>&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="12-&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;"><a name="12-&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#12-&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>1.2 &#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;</h3>
<p> &#x5728;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x62C9;&#x8D77;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x5360;&#x636E;&#x4E86;&#x5927;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x3002;<strong>&#x5728;Harter[3]&#x7684;&#x8C03;&#x67E5;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5360;&#x636E;&#x4E86;76%&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x62C9;&#x8D77;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5185;&#x53EA;&#x6709;6.4%&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x88AB;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;</strong>&#xFF0C;&#x5728;AI&#x8BAD;&#x7EC3;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x4E0B;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x66F4;&#x52A0;&#x7A81;&#x51FA;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x6982;&#x8FF0;&#x6240;&#x8FF0;&#xFF0C;AI&#x8BAD;&#x7EC3;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x52A8;&#x8F84;&#x8FBE;&#x5230;GB&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#x7EA7;&#xFF0C;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x4F1A;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5927;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x8017;&#x65F6;&#x5374;&#x82B1;&#x9500;&#x5728;&#x4E86;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x964D;&#x4F4E;&#x4E86;AI&#x8BAD;&#x7EC3;&#x7684;&#x6548;&#x7387;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="13-&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x65B9;&#x6848;"><a name="13-&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x65B9;&#x6848;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#13-&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x65B9;&#x6848;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>1.3 &#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x65B9;&#x6848;</h3>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;/&#x9884;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;</strong></p>
<p>&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x6BCD;&#x673A;&#x4E0A;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x8FC7;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#xFF08;&#x5F53;&#x7136;&#xFF0C;docker&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;<code>pod</code>&#x7684;<code>imagePolicy</code>&#x4E3A;<code>IfNotPresent</code>&#xFF0C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x5C42;&#x8BA9;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5BF9;&#x5C42;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x51CF;&#x5C11;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#x3002;</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-fe9769cfca6437930c7b69313b013ed6_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> &#x540C;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x9884;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x6BCD;&#x673A;&#x4E0A;&#x9884;&#x5148;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;<code>tensorflow</code>&#xFF0C;<code>ubuntu</code>&#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x4F1A;&#x547D;&#x4E2D;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4ED3;&#x5E93;&#x7684;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x964D;&#x4F4E;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#x3002;</p>
<p> &#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x5728;<code>cold start</code>&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x521A;&#x521A;&#x4E0A;&#x67B6;&#x7684;&#x6BCD;&#x673A;&#x4E0A;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#xFF09;&#x6216;<code>imagePolicy</code>&#x4E3A;<code>Always</code>&#x7684;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x4E0B;&#x8868;&#x73B0;&#x4E0D;&#x4F73;&#xFF0C;&#x4E14;&#x9884;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x7F13;&#x89E3;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x547D;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x6D88;&#x8017;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x6BCD;&#x673A;&#x7684;&#x78C1;&#x76D8;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x3002;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>&#x51CF;&#x5C0F;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6210;&#x672C;&#x8F83;&#x9AD8;&#xFF08;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4EBA;&#x5DE5;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x4E14;&#x4E0D;&#x9002;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x90E8;&#x5206;AI&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="2-&#x539F;&#x7406;"><a name="2-&#x539F;&#x7406;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#2-&#x539F;&#x7406;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>2. &#x539F;&#x7406;</h2>
<p> &#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#x4E00;&#x53E5;&#x8BDD;&#x6982;&#x62EC;&#x4FBF;&#x662F;<strong>&#x53EA;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x65F6;&#x201C;&#x61D2;&#x60F0;&#x201D;&#x7684;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;</strong>&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="21-&#x672F;&#x8BED;"><a name="21-&#x672F;&#x8BED;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#21-&#x672F;&#x8BED;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>2.1 &#x672F;&#x8BED;</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong><code>CRFS</code></strong>&#xFF1A;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;<code>FUSE</code>&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4ECE;&#x8FDC;&#x7A0B;<code>registry</code>&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4ED3;&#x5E93;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5230;&#x672C;&#x5730;</li>
<li><strong><code>stargz</code></strong>&#xFF1A;<code>CRFS</code>&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;<code>targz</code>&#x538B;&#x7F29;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x4E14;&#x4E71;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;<code>CRFS</code>&#x7684;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x53EF;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x3001;&#x6709;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;<code>stargz</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x538B;&#x7F29;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</li>
<li><strong><code>estargz</code></strong>&#xFF1A;<code>stargz</code>&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x4F18;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;<code>stargz</code>&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x4E0A;&#x5229;&#x7528;<code>prefetch landmark</code>&#x533A;&#x5206;&#x9AD8;&#x4F4E;&#x4F18;&#x5148;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x9AD8;&#x4F18;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4F1A;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;</li>
<li><strong><code>snapshotter</code></strong>&#xFF1A;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x548C;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;<code>containerd</code>&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;<code>snapshotter</code>&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;</li>
<li><strong><code>remote layer</code></strong>&#xFF1A;&#x53EF;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x8FDC;&#x7A0B;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;<code>stargz</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5185;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#x90FD;&#x662F;<code>remote layer</code></li>
<li><strong><code>remote snapshotter</code></strong>&#xFF1A;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;<code>remote layer</code>&#x7684;<code>snapshotter</code></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="22-crfs&#x548C;stargz"><a name="22-crfs&#x548C;stargz" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#22-crfs&#x548C;stargz"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>2.2 CRFS&#x548C;stargz</h3>
<p> <strong><code>CRFS</code>&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;<code>FUSE</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4ECE;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4ED3;&#x5E93;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5230;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;</strong>&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x548C;<code>overlay</code>&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#xFF0C;&#x4E8B;&#x5B9E;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;<code>stargz</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x7528;overlay`&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x3002;</p>
<p> <code>CRFS</code>&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>Golang</code>&#x7684;<code>fuse</code>API&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;<code>overlay2</code>&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;<a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//github.com/google/crfs" target="_blank">&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;</a>&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x5C55;&#x5F00;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="221-tar&#x6587;&#x4EF6;"><a name="221-tar&#x6587;&#x4EF6;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#221-tar&#x6587;&#x4EF6;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>2.2.1 tar&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h3>
<p> &#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x7531;<code>tar.gz</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;<code>gzip</code>&#x6D41;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#xFF0C;&#x4E14;<code>tar</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E5F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x8981;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;1KB&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E5F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4ECE;&#x8FDC;&#x7A0B;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4ED3;&#x5E93;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x652F;&#x6301;<code>CRFS</code>&#x7684;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x3002;</p>
<p> &#x540C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x7B26;&#x5408;<code>OCI</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x662F;&#x4EE5;&#x5C42;&#x4E3A;&#x5355;&#x4F4D;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;<code>CRFS</code>&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4EE5;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E3A;&#x5355;&#x4F4D;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#x3002;</p>
<p> <code>tar.gz</code>&#x7684;&#x538B;&#x7F29;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x4E3A;<code>Gzip(TarF(file1) + TarF(file2) + TarF(file3) + TarFooter))</code></p>
<h3 id="222-stargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;"><a name="222-stargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#222-stargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>2.2.2 stargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h3>
<p> <code>stargz</code>&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x4E3A;<code>Gzip(TarF(file1)) + Gzip(TarF(file2)) + Gzip(TarF(file3_chunk1)) + Gzip(F(file3_chunk2)) + Gzip(F(index of earlier files in magic file), TarFooter)</code>&#xFF0C;<code>tar.gz</code>&#x548C;<code>stargz</code>&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x56FE;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-ab8038ca9b4c7d20352584a12afcb481_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-147a6b7307d29c728605b0663e09775c_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> <code>stargz</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4F1A;&#x5C06;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x9AA8;&#x67B6;&#x62BD;&#x53D6;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>TOC(JSON)</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x8BE5;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x8BA9;&#x8BE5;&#x5C42;&#x7684;<code>stargz</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x53EF;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#xFF0C;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x53EF;&#x53C2;&#x8003;<a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/blob/master/docs/stargz-estargz.md" target="_blank">https://github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/blob/master/docs/stargz-estargz.md</a>&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="223-estargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;"><a name="223-estargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#223-estargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>2.2.3 estargz&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h3>
<p><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-e99c5a1aace77844976a4ec50e311d37_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> <code>estargz</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>landmark</code>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x533A;&#x5206;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4F18;&#x5148;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;<code>landmark</code>&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4F18;&#x5148;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x65F6;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x88AB;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x9884;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x548C;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x627E;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5E73;&#x8861;&#x70B9;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="23-containerd&#x548C;snapshotter"><a name="23-containerd&#x548C;snapshotter" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#23-containerd&#x548C;snapshotter"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>2.3 containerd&#x548C;snapshotter</h3>
<h3 id="231-containerd"><a name="231-containerd" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#231-containerd"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>2.3.1 containerd</h3>
<p> Containerd &#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5DE5;&#x4E1A;&#x7EA7;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x5F3A;&#x8C03;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x6027;&#x3001;&#x5065;&#x58EE;&#x6027;&#x548C;&#x53EF;&#x79FB;&#x690D;&#x6027;&#x3002;Containerd &#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x4E2D;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x751F;&#x547D;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#xFF1A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x548C;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x3001;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x548C;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x3001;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x548C;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7B49;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-7edc9c362b92efe58e507c402adb0e3a_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> &#x76EE;&#x524D;<code>docker</code>&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x6D41;&#x7A0B;&#x4E4B;&#x4E00;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x8C03;&#x7528;<code>containerd</code>&#x7684;<code>grpc</code>&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8C03;&#x7528;<code>cri</code>&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x76EE;&#x524D;<code>k8s</code>&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5BF9;&#x63A5;<code>containerd</code>&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x56FE;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-1e801e855d08d47c260f3867bb543219_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<h3 id="232-snapshotter"><a name="232-snapshotter" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#232-snapshotter"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>2.3.2 snapshotter</h3>
<p> &#x5176;&#x4E2D;<code>snapshotter</code>&#x8D1F;&#x8D23;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x548C;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#xFF08;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;<code>docker</code>&#x7684;<code>graphdriver</code>&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x7B26;&#x5408;<code>OCI</code>&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x80FD;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x901A;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E0A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x4E8E;<code>graphdriver</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x66F4;&#x52A0;&#x7075;&#x6D3B;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x9664;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x548C;&#x5FEB;&#x7167;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x548C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x8026;&#x5408;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x7D27;&#x5BC6;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x7684;API&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;<a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/master/snapshots/snapshotter.go" target="_blank">containerd&#x7684;&#x6E90;&#x7801;</a>&#x5185;&#x67E5;&#x770B;API&#x7684;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-b4fb4bbbc23debafbe3e2776923e0232_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> <strong><code>snapshotter</code>&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x3001;&#x5FEB;&#x7167;&#x548C;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x4E14;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x5C42;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;API&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x79CD;snapshotter&#x90FD;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x5206;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;</strong>&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>snapshot</code>&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x6D41;&#x8F6C;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x56FE;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-28e21668788825a13183f7b82597bfaf_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> <code>snapshot</code>&#x53CD;&#x6620;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;<code>snapshot</code>&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7236;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x7236;&#x5B50;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x5DEE;&#x522B;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>layer</code>&#xFF08;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x4E8E;<code>docker</code>&#x7684;<code>graphdriver</code>&#xFF09;&#x3002;<code>Committed</code>&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7684;<code>snapshot</code>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>Prepare</code>&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;<code>Active</code>&#xFF0C;&#x53CD;&#x4E4B;&#x7528;<code>Commit</code>&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x3002;<code>Active</code>&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7684;<code>snapshot</code>&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6B63;&#x5728;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5185;&#x505A;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>Commit</code>&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;<code>layer</code>&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B50;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x3002;</p>
<p> &#x5728;<code>containerd</code>&#x7684;&#x6E90;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x79CD;&#x5206;&#x5C42;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x90FD;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;<code>snapshotter</code>&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;<code>overlay</code>,<code>zfs</code>&#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x5316;&#x7684;<code>snapshotter</code>&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;<code>CRFS</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x65F6;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;<code>snapshotter</code>&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x7684;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x628A;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>label</code>&#x6253;&#x5165;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x65F6;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>fuse</code>&#x7684;&#x8FDC;&#x7A0B;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;<code>stargz</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5230;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#xFF0C;<strong>&#x8FD9;&#x7C7B;<code>snapshotter</code>&#x4E5F;&#x88AB;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;<code>remote snapshotter</code></strong>&#xFF08;<code>remote snapshotter</code>&#x4E5F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5BF9;<code>containerd</code>&#x7684;&#x6E90;&#x7801;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x66F4;&#x6539;&#xFF0C;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x53EA;&#x6709;<code>1.4.2</code>&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x652F;&#x6301;<code>remote snapshotter</code>&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="24-stargz-snapshotter"><a name="24-stargz-snapshotter" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#24-stargz-snapshotter"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>2.4 stargz-snapshotter</h3>
<p><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-ca85a45284f0ce4dfdbe916cdb879b5d_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> &#x5728;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;<code>stargz</code>&#x548C;<code>snapshotter</code>&#x540E;&#xFF0C;<code>stargz-snapshotter</code>&#x4FBF;&#x662F;&#x4E24;&#x8005;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x3002;</p>
<p> <code>stargz</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x5728;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x65F6;&#x4F1A;&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x4E3A;<code>remote snapshotter</code>&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5219;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x5176;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x662F;&#x5219;&#x4E0D;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF1B;&#x968F;&#x540E;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5728;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x4F1A;&#x8F6C;&#x4EA4;&#x7ED9;<code>stargz snapshotter</code>&#x5904;&#x7406;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x89E3;&#x538B;&#x7F29;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;<code>stargz</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7528;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5143;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8FDC;&#x7A0B;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x62C9;&#x8D77;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7ED9;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x3002;</p>
<p> &#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x548C;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x5728;<code>containerd</code>&#x4E2D;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x89E3;&#x8026;&#xFF0C;<code>remote snapshotter</code>&#x5728;&#x63A5;&#x624B;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x524D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x88AB;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5728;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x65F6;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5C06;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;<code>snapshotter</code>&#x4F20;&#x5165;&#x5E76;&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8FDC;&#x7A0B;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x5C06;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8FDC;&#x7A0B;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x5C42;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x6389;&#xFF0C;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x6539;&#x52A8;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;<a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//github.com/ktock/containerd/commit/53110e516e5b4c0cd5b81f61c01fd5e33a25edef%23diff-1f8f50646891fcfbf8d89a7a4738f762R139" target="_blank">commit</a>&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-5e26629aa8a97b3d57d54e8c46912f53_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> &#x6574;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x6D41;&#x7A0B;&#x5982;&#x4E0A;&#x56FE;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x62C9;&#x8D77;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x3001;&#x89E3;&#x538B;&#x3001;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x6B65;&#x9AA4;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;<code>remote snapshotter</code>&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x3001;&#x89E3;&#x538B;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x7B5B;&#x9009;<code>blob</code>&#x7684;&#x6D41;&#x7A0B;&#x5185;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#x5230;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;&#x5C42;&#x662F;<code>remote layer</code>&#xFF08;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;<code>remote snapshotter</code>&#x4F1A;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;<code>commit</code>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5C42;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x8DF3;&#x8FC7;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x548C;&#x89E3;&#x538B;&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="3-&#x4F7F;&#x7528;"><a name="3-&#x4F7F;&#x7528;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#3-&#x4F7F;&#x7528;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>3. &#x4F7F;&#x7528;</h2>
<p> <code>stargz-snapshotter</code>&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x9884;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E86;&#x591A;&#x79CD;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5E76;&#x505A;&#x4E86;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x662F;&#x4ED6;&#x7ED9;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-62a1c55d43fc507d06b8d3c3b47074b0_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> &#x5F53;&#x7136;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;AI&#x7684;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x4E0B;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x6548;&#x679C;&#x4E5F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x6211;&#x6765;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#x5728;<code>tensorflow</code>&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4E0A;&#x8DD1;<code>benchmark</code>&#x7684;&#x6548;&#x679C;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="31-&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;"><a name="31-&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#31-&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>3.1 &#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>kubelet</code>&#x7248;&#x672C; &gt;= 1.10&#xFF08;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;<code>CRI</code>&#x5BF9;&#x63A5;<code>containerd</code>&#xFF09;</li>
<li><code>containerd</code>&#x7248;&#x672C; &gt;= 1.4.2</li>
<li><code>containerd</code>&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</li>
</ol>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># /etc/containerd/config.toml</span>
<span class="token comment"># See also: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/fd64a56b0c3d5654eb6d22bce812e2a87eac5853/images/base/files/etc/containerd/config.toml</span>

<span class="token comment"># explicitly use v2 config format</span>
version <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span>

<span class="token comment"># - Set default runtime handler to v2, which has a per-pod shim</span>
<span class="token comment"># - Enable to use stargz snapshotter</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>plugins.<span class="token string">&quot;io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri&quot;</span>.containerd<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
  default_runtime_name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;runc&quot;</span>
  snapshotter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;stargz&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>plugins.<span class="token string">&quot;io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri&quot;</span>.containerd.runtimes.runc<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
  runtime_type <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;io.containerd.runc.v2&quot;</span>

<span class="token comment"># Use stargz snapshotter</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>proxy_plugins<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>proxy_plugins.stargz<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;snapshot&quot;</span>
    address <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;/run/containerd-stargz-grpc/containerd-stargz-grpc.sock&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x7ED9;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;(<a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter" target="_blank">&#x6559;&#x7A0B;</a>)&#x5C06;<code>dockerhub</code>&#x4E0A;&#x6700;&#x65B0;&#x7684;<code>tensorflow</code>&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;<code>esgz</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x63A8;&#x9001;&#x5230;<code>registry</code>&#x4E0A;</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="32-stargz-snapshotter&#x90E8;&#x7F72;"><a name="32-stargz-snapshotter&#x90E8;&#x7F72;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#32-stargz-snapshotter&#x90E8;&#x7F72;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>3.2 stargz-snapshotter&#x90E8;&#x7F72;</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>kubelet</code>&#x5BF9;&#x63A5;<code>containerd</code></li>
</ol>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># /etc/sysconfig/kubelet</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS</span><span class="token operator">=</span>--container-runtime<span class="token operator">=</span>remote --runtime-request-timeout<span class="token operator">=</span>15m --container-runtime-endpoint<span class="token operator">=</span>unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li>&#x90E8;&#x7F72;<code>stargz-snapshotter</code></li>
</ol>
<p>&#x62C9;&#x4E0B;repo&#x76F4;&#x63A5;make&#xFF0C;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;<code>service</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5728;<code>systemctl</code>&#x4E0A;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>Unit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">Description</span><span class="token operator">=</span>containerd stargz snapshotter
<span class="token assign-left variable">Documentation</span><span class="token operator">=</span>https://github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter
<span class="token assign-left variable">After</span><span class="token operator">=</span>network.target
<span class="token assign-left variable">Before</span><span class="token operator">=</span>containerd.service

<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Service<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">ExecStart</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/local/bin/containerd-stargz-grpc --address<span class="token operator">=</span>/run/containerd-stargz-grpc/containerd-stargz-grpc.sock --config<span class="token operator">=</span>/etc/containerd-stargz-grpc/config.toml
<span class="token assign-left variable">Restart</span><span class="token operator">=</span>always
<span class="token assign-left variable">RestartSec</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span>

<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Install<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">WantedBy</span><span class="token operator">=</span>multi-user.target
</code></pre>
<h3 id="33-&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;"><a name="33-&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#33-&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>3.3 &#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;</h3>
<ul>
<li>&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x955C;&#x50CF;</li>
</ul>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">Events:
  Type    Reason     Age    From                     Message
  ----    ------     ----   ----                     -------
  Normal  Scheduled  3m30s  default-scheduler        Successfully assigned default/tensorflow to k8s-cpu-node-1
  Normal  Pulling    3m27s  kubelet, k8s-cpu-node-1  Pulling image <span class="token string">&quot;elihe/tensorflow:v1.0.5&quot;</span>
  Normal  Pulled     2s     kubelet, k8s-cpu-node-1  Successfully pulled image <span class="token string">&quot;elihe/tensorflow:v1.0.5&quot;</span>
  Normal  Created    2s     kubelet, k8s-cpu-node-1  Created container tensorflow
  Normal  Started    2s     kubelet, k8s-cpu-node-1  Started container tensorflow
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:493: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  _np_qint8 <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;qint8&quot;</span>, np.int8, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:494: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  _np_quint8 <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;quint8&quot;</span>, np.uint8, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:495: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  _np_qint16 <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;qint16&quot;</span>, np.int16, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:496: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  _np_quint16 <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;quint16&quot;</span>, np.uint16, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:497: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  _np_qint32 <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;qint32&quot;</span>, np.int32, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:502: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  np_resource <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;resource&quot;</span>, np.ubyte, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
WARNING:tensorflow:From /benchmarks/scripts/tf_cnn_benchmarks/benchmark_cnn.py:1120: Supervisor.__init__ <span class="token punctuation">(</span>from tensorflow.python.training.supervisor<span class="token punctuation">)</span> is deprecated and will be removed <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version.
Instructions <span class="token keyword">for</span> updating:
Please switch to tf.train.MonitoredTrainingSession
TensorFlow:  <span class="token number">1.5</span>
Model:       trivial
Dataset:     imagenet <span class="token punctuation">(</span>synthetic<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
Mode:        training
SingleSess:  False
Batch size:  <span class="token number">64</span> global
             <span class="token number">64.0</span> per device
Devices:     <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&apos;/cpu:0&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
Data format: NHWC
Layout optimizer: False
Optimizer:   sgd
Variables:   parameter_server
<span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token operator">==</span>
Generating model
Running warm up
Done warm up
Step    Img/sec loss
<span class="token number">1</span>       images/sec: <span class="token number">513.7</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>        <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">10</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">518.4</span> +/- <span class="token number">4.5</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">15.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">20</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">517.8</span> +/- <span class="token number">3.2</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">30</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">521.5</span> +/- <span class="token number">2.4</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">11.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">40</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">520.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">2.3</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">13.1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">50</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">519.2</span> +/- <span class="token number">2.2</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">12.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">60</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">518.0</span> +/- <span class="token number">2.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">14.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">70</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">517.2</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">14.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">80</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">515.3</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">15.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">90</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">513.7</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">100</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.2</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.7</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">16.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">110</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">513.3</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.6</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">120</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">512.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.6</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">130</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">513.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.5</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">140</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">512.7</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.4</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">150</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">512.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.4</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">160</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">512.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.4</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">170</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">513.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.3</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">180</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">512.9</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.3</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">190</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">512.9</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.3</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">200</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">513.5</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.2</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">210</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">513.8</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.2</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">220</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.0</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">230</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">513.9</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">240</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.5</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">250</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.4</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">260</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.8</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">270</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">280</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.8</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">290</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">300</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.2</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">310</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.2</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">320</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.2</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">330</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.3</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">340</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.4</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">350</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">360</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.5</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">370</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">380</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.8</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">390</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.3</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">400</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">410</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">420</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">430</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">512.5</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">440</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">512.3</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">450</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">512.3</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">460</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">511.9</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">470</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">511.5</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">21.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">480</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">511.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">21.3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">490</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">510.8</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">21.3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">500</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">510.7</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">21.1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
----------------------------------------------------------------
total images/sec: <span class="token number">511.38</span>
----------------------------------------------------------------
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>esgz</code>&#x955C;&#x50CF;</li>
</ul>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From                     Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----                     -------
  Normal  Scheduled  6s    default-scheduler        Successfully assigned default/tensorflow-esgz to k8s-cpu-node-1
  Normal  Pulling    5s    kubelet, k8s-cpu-node-1  Pulling image <span class="token string">&quot;elihe/tensorflow:v1.0.5-esgz&quot;</span>
  Normal  Pulled     0s    kubelet, k8s-cpu-node-1  Successfully pulled image <span class="token string">&quot;elihe/tensorflow:v1.0.5-esgz&quot;</span>
  Normal  Created    0s    kubelet, k8s-cpu-node-1  Created container tensorflow
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:493: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  _np_qint8 <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;qint8&quot;</span>, np.int8, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:494: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  _np_quint8 <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;quint8&quot;</span>, np.uint8, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:495: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  _np_qint16 <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;qint16&quot;</span>, np.int16, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:496: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  _np_quint16 <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;quint16&quot;</span>, np.uint16, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:497: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  _np_qint32 <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;qint32&quot;</span>, np.int32, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:502: FutureWarning: Passing <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> or <span class="token string">&apos;1type&apos;</span> as a synonym of <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> is deprecated<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version of numpy, it will be understood as <span class="token punctuation">(</span>type, <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token punctuation">))</span> / <span class="token string">&apos;(1,)type&apos;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
  np_resource <span class="token operator">=</span> np.dtype<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;resource&quot;</span>, np.ubyte, <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
WARNING:tensorflow:From /benchmarks/scripts/tf_cnn_benchmarks/benchmark_cnn.py:1120: Supervisor.__init__ <span class="token punctuation">(</span>from tensorflow.python.training.supervisor<span class="token punctuation">)</span> is deprecated and will be removed <span class="token keyword">in</span> a future version.
Instructions <span class="token keyword">for</span> updating:
Please switch to tf.train.MonitoredTrainingSession
TensorFlow:  <span class="token number">1.5</span>
Model:       trivial
Dataset:     imagenet <span class="token punctuation">(</span>synthetic<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
Mode:        training
SingleSess:  False
Batch size:  <span class="token number">64</span> global
             <span class="token number">64.0</span> per device
Devices:     <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&apos;/cpu:0&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
Data format: NHWC
Layout optimizer: False
Optimizer:   sgd
Variables:   parameter_server
<span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token operator">==</span>
Generating model
Running warm up
Done warm up
Step    Img/sec loss
<span class="token number">1</span>       images/sec: <span class="token number">487.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>        <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">10</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">505.9</span> +/- <span class="token number">3.5</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">14.3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">20</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">505.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">2.6</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">12.2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">30</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">505.5</span> +/- <span class="token number">2.4</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">15.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">40</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">501.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">2.5</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">50</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">500.8</span> +/- <span class="token number">2.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">60</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">500.2</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">70</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">500.5</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">16.1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">80</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">502.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">90</span>      images/sec: <span class="token number">504.3</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.7</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">16.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">100</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">505.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.6</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">16.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">110</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">507.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.6</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">120</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">509.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.6</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">130</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">509.0</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.6</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">140</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">508.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.5</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">150</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">508.9</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.5</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">160</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">510.0</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.4</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">170</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">510.5</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.4</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">180</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">511.4</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.4</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">190</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">511.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.3</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">200</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">511.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.3</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">210</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">511.8</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.3</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">220</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">512.7</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.2</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20.2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">230</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">512.8</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.2</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">240</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">513.4</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.2</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">250</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">513.7</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">260</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">513.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">270</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.0</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">280</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">290</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.4</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">300</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.5</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">310</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.7</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">320</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.7</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">330</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">514.8</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">340</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.2</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">350</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">1.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">360</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">370</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">515.9</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">380</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">516.0</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18.1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">390</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">516.2</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">400</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">516.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">410</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">516.3</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.9</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">420</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">516.3</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">430</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">516.7</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">440</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">516.6</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">450</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">516.8</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">460</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">517.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">470</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">517.0</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">480</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">517.0</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">490</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">517.0</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
<span class="token number">500</span>     images/sec: <span class="token number">517.1</span> +/- <span class="token number">0.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>jitter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">17.9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token number">7.055</span>
----------------------------------------------------------------
total images/sec: <span class="token number">516.24</span>
----------------------------------------------------------------
</code></pre>
<p> &#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x5230;<code>esgz</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5728;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x6BD4;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x5FEB;&#x4E86;&#x5C06;&#x8FD1;3&#x5206;&#x949F;&#x3002;</p>
<p> &#x672C;&#x4EBA;&#x4E5F;&#x5BF9;&#x5C0F;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x505A;&#x8FC7;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#xFF0C;<code>esgz</code>&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x901F;&#x5EA6;&#x4E5F;&#x5728;5&#x79D2;&#x5DE6;&#x53F3;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x5B9E;&#x5219;&#x662F;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x5143;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#x51E0;&#x4E4E;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="4-&#x5C0F;&#x7ED3;"><a name="4-&#x5C0F;&#x7ED3;" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#4-&#x5C0F;&#x7ED3;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>4. &#x5C0F;&#x7ED3;</h2>
<p> &#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8FDC;&#x7A0B;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x201C;&#x61D2;&#x60F0;&#x201D;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x5C0F;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#x4F18;&#x5316;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x660E;&#x663E;&#xFF08;&#x5982;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x6240;&#x8FF0;&#xFF0C;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x8017;&#x65F6;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x90FD;&#x5728;5&#x79D2;&#x5DE6;&#x53F3;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x5927;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x800C;&#x8A00;&#xFF08;&#x5C24;&#x5176;&#x662F;AI&#x8BAD;&#x7EC3;&#x7684;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x4E0B;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x201C;&#x61D2;&#x60F0;&#x201D;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x80FD;&#x4F18;&#x5316;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8017;&#x65F6;&#x3002;</p>
<p> &#x5F53;&#x7136;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x5176;&#x7F3A;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x524D;&#x63D0;&#x662F;&#x201C;&#x5927;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x88AB;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x201D;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x4E0B;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4F1A;&#x7ED9;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5E26;&#x6765;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#xFF08;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#x88AB;&#x5E73;&#x5747;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;IO&#x4E2D;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>estargz</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5C06;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x5207;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x9AD8;&#x4F4E;&#x4F18;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x957F;&#x4E45;&#x4E4B;&#x8BA1;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x5BF9;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7684;&#x7A33;&#x5B9A;&#x6027;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x8981;&#x6C42;&#xFF08;&#x5C24;&#x5176;&#x662F;<code>registry</code>&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x4E0D;&#x7A33;&#x5B9A;&#x65F6;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x9891;&#x7E41;&#x88AB;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;IO&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x3002;</p>
<p> &#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x5EF6;&#x4F38;&#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#x963F;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x3002;</p>
<p> &#x963F;&#x91CC;&#x5C06;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x62C6;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x5143;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x548C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4E24;&#x5C42;&#xFF08;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x88AB;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;<code>Rafs</code>&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x5143;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5C42;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x9897;&#x81EA;&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#x7684;&#x54C8;&#x5E0C;&#x6811;&#xFF0C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5C42;&#x5207;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x56FA;&#x5B9A;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x5207;&#x7247;&#xFF0C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x88AB;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x56FE;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-189ecc448f2473e166c148017370f563_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> &#x548C;<code>stargz-snapshotter</code>&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#xFF0C;<code>Rafs</code>&#x4E5F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8D1F;&#x8D23;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;<code>FUSE</code>&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5957;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x88AB;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;<code>Nydus</code>&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x963F;&#x91CC;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x9AD8;&#x53EF;&#x7528;<code>P2P</code>&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5206;&#x53D1;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;<code>Dragonfly</code>&#x6765;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-c915e5a9f69b15175017afaaa5f120cd_1440w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p> &#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#xFF0C;<code>Nydus</code>&#x5728;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x751F;&#x547D;&#x6D41;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x505A;&#x4E86;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x5316;&#x3002;</p>
<ul>
<li><code>build</code>&#x73AF;&#x8282;&#xFF1A;&#x5757;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x53BB;&#x91CD;</li>
<li><code>ship</code>&#x73AF;&#x8282;&#xFF1A;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x540E;&#x7AEF;&#xFF0C;&#x548C;<code>Dragonfly</code>&#x7684;<code>p2p</code>&#x826F;&#x597D;&#x96C6;&#x6210;</li>
<li><code>run</code>&#x73AF;&#x8282;&#xFF1A;&#x517C;&#x5BB9;<code>OCI</code>&#x6807;&#x51C6;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="5-reference"><a name="5-reference" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#5-reference"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>5. reference</h2>
<p>[1] <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//arkingc.github.io/2017/05/05/2017-05-05-docke-filesystem-overlay/" target="_blank">https://arkingc.github.io/2017/05/05/2017-05-05-docke-filesystem-overlay/</a></p>
<p>[2] <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//docs.docker.com/storage/storagedriver/overlayfs-driver/%23how-the-overlay2-driver-works" target="_blank">https://docs.docker.com/storage/storagedriver/overlayfs-driver/#how-the-overlay2-driver-works</a></p>
<p>[3] <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.usenix.org/conference/fast16/technical-sessions/presentation/harter" target="_blank">https://www.usenix.org/conference/fast16/technical-sessions/presentation/harter</a></p>
<p>[4] <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//medium.com/nttlabs/startup-containers-in-lightning-speed-with-lazy-image-distribution-on-containerd-243d94522361" target="_blank">https://medium.com/nttlabs/startup-containers-in-lightning-speed-with-lazy-image-distribution-on-containerd-243d94522361</a></p>
<p>[5] <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.cnblogs.com/sparkdev/p/9063042.html" target="_blank">https://www.cnblogs.com/sparkdev/p/9063042.html</a></p>
<p>[6] <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/blob/master/docs/stargz-estargz.md" target="_blank">https://github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/blob/master/docs/stargz-estargz.md</a></p>
<p>[7] <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//github.com/containerd/containerd/issues/2943" target="_blank">https://github.com/containerd/containerd/issues/2943</a></p>
<p>[8] <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//github.com/dragonflyoss/" target="_blank">https://github.com/dragonflyoss</a> </p>
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